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ETFs, properly
What an ETF is, how it is built, what it really costs, and which differences between two apparently identical funds actually matter.
An ETF is a wrapper. What matters is what is inside it, how it is built, and what it costs you to hold.
These notes cover the questions that decide between two funds tracking the same index — replication method, fees you can see and fees you cannot, size and liquidity, what happens to the dividends, and where the fund is domiciled.